Biotechnology, biotechnics & technology: Biotechnology guide

Biotechnology, biotechnics & technology: Biotechnology guide

Biotechnology guide

Acclimatization - the adaptation of an organism to a new environment.




Active immunity - acquired immunity to a disease where resistance is built up either by having the disease or having vaccination against the disease.

Aerobic - needing oxygen for growth.

Allogenic - of the same species but with a different genotype.

Anaerobic - growing without the need for oxygen.

Antibiotic - chemical substance which was a byproduct in bacteria or fungi and used to treat bacterial infections.

Antibody - a protein produced by humans in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

Antigen - a substance which induces an immune response by a specific antibody.

Autoimmune disease - a disease in which the body produces antibodies against its own tissue.

Autoimmunity - a condition in which the body mounts an immune response against one of its own organs.

A virulent - unable to cause disease.

Bacterium - a large group of microorganisms with a very simple cell like structure.

Biochemical - the product of a chemical reaction in a living organism.

Biodegradable - capable of being reduced to water and carbon dioxide by the action of microorganisms.

Biologic - a therapeutic derived from a living source such as animal or human.

Biomass - the totality of biological matter in any given area as commonly used in biotechnology.

Biomaterials - biological molecules such as proteins and complex sugars commonly used to make medical devices such as structural elements used in reconstructive surgery.

Bioprocess - a process in which living cells are used to produce the desired product.

Bioreactor - a vessel used in Bioprocessing.

Biosynthesis - production of a chemical by a living organism.

Biotechnology - the use of a biological process to make a useful product.

Cell - the smallest unit of a living organism that can grow and reproduce independently.

Cell culture - the growth of cells under laboratory conditions.

Chromosomes - threadlike components in the cell that contain DNA and proteins.

Clone - a term that is applied to genes, cells or entire organisms.

Co-enzyme - an organic compound that is necessary for the correct functioning of an enzyme.

Culture - living organisms in a prepared medium.

DNA fingerprinting - technology used as a forensic tool to detect similarities in blood and tissue samples.

Enzyme - a protein catalyst that facilitates specific chemical or metabolic reactions needed for cell growth and reproduction.

Fermentation - growing microorganisms fro the production of various chemical or pharmaceutical compounds.

Gene - a segment of chromosomes.

Gene sequencing - determination of the sequence of nucleotide bases of a strand of DNA.

Genome - the total hereditary material of a cell.

Heredity - the transfer of genetic information from parent cells to progeny.

Microbiology - the study of living organisms seen under a microscope.

Pathogen - a disease causing organism.

Polyclonal - derived from different types of cells.

Protein - a molecule composed of amino acids.

Recombinant DNA - the DNA formed by combining segments of DNA from two separate sources.

Scale-up - the transition from small scale production to production large industrial quantities.

Somatic cells - cells other than sex or germ cells.

Yeast - single cell fungi that reproduce by budding.

Biotechnology guide

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